New Uses For Glycerol Waste

There are various outlets for disposal and utilization of the crude glycerol generated in biodiesel plants. For large scale biodiesel producers, crude glycerol can be refined into a pure form and then be used in food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics industries. For small scale producers, however, purification is too expensive to be performed in their manufacturing sites. Their crude glycerol is usually sold to large refineries for upgrading. In recent years, however, with the rapid expansion of biodiesel industry, the market is flooded with excessive crude glycerol. As a result, biodiesel producers only receive 2.5-5 cents/lb for this glycerol. Therefore, producers must seek new, value-added uses for this glycerol.

There have been many investigations into alternative uses of crude glycerol. Combustion, composting, animal-feeding, thermo-chemical conversions, and biological conversion methods for glycerol usage and disposal have all been proposed. Johnson and Taconi (2007) reported that combustion of crude glycerol is a method that has been used for disposal. However, this method is not economical for large producers of biodiesel. It has also been suggested that glycerol can be composted  or used to increase the biogas production of anaerobic digesters . DeFrain et al. (2004) attempted to feed biodiesel-derived glycerol to dairy cows in order to prevent ketosis, but found that it was not useful.

Also, Lammers et al. (2008) studied supplementing the diet of growing pigs with crude glycerol. This study found that the metabolizable-to-digestible energy ratio of glycerol is similar to corn or soybean oil when fed to pigs. Therefore, the study concludes that “crude glycerol can be used as an excellent source of energy for growing pigs,” but also cautions that little is known about the impacts of impurities in the glycerol. Furthermore, Cerrate et al. (2006) have had some success with feeding glycerol to broiler chickens. Birds fed 2.5 % of 5% glycerin diets had higher breast yield than the control group, but the authors caution that there is still concern about methanol impurities in the glycerol.

Converting crude glycerol into valued-added products through thermo-chemical methods or biological methods is an alternative for utilizing this waste stream. It has been reported that glycerol can be thermochemically converted into propylene glycol , acetol , or a variety of other products . Cortright et al. (2002) have developed an aqueous phase reforming process that transforms glycerol into hydrogen. Virent Energy Systems is currently trying to commercialize this technology and claim that sodium hydroxide, methanol, and high pH levels within crude glycerol help the process .

For biological conversions of crude glycerol, the glycerol serves as a feedstock in various fermentation processes. For example, Lee et al. (2001) have used glycerol in the fermentation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens for the production of succinic acid. The fermentation of E. coli on glycerol leads to the production of a mixture of ethanol, succinate, acetate, lactate, and hydrogen . Glycerol can also be converted to citric acid by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. It has been reported that this organism produces the same amount of citric acid when grown on glucose or on raw glycerol. Rymowicz et al. (2006) found that acetate mutant strains of Y. lipolytica can produce high levels of citric acid while producing very little isocitrate. Furthermore, it has been shown that Clostridium butyricum can utilize biodiesel-derived glycerol to produce 1,3-propanediol (an important chemical building block with many industrial uses) in both batch and continuous cultures. During the fermentation process, the organism also produces byproducts of acetic and butyric acid . The researchers at Virginia Tech also developing algal fermentation processes to convert crude glycerol into high value omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

New Uses for Crude Glycerin from Biodiesel Production

Glycerol (also known as glycerin) is a major byproduct in the biodiesel manufacturing process. In general, for every 100 pounds of biodiesel produced, approximately 10 pounds of crude glycerol are created. As the biodiesel industry is rapidly expanding, a glut of crude glycerol is being created. Because this glycerol is expensive to purify for use in the food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics industries, biodiesel producers must seek alternative methods for its disposal. Various methods for disposal and utilization of this crude glycerol have been attempted, including combustion, composting, anaerobic digestion, animal feeds, and thermochemical/biological conversions to value-added products. The objective of this article is to provide a general background in terms of waste glycerol utilization.

 

Characterizations of Glycerol Waste

Crude glycerol generated from biodiesel production is impure and of little economic value. In general, glycerol makes up 65% to 85% (w/w) of the crude stream . The wide range of purity values can be attributed to different glycerol purification methods or different feedstocks used by biodiesel producers. For example, Thompson & He (2006) have characterized the glycerol produced from various biodiesel feedstocks. The authors found that mustard seed generated a lower level (62%) of glycerol, while soy oil had 67.8 % glycerol, and waste vegetable oil had the highest level (76.6 %) of glycerol.

Methanol and free fatty acids (soaps) are the two major impurities contained in crude glycerol . The existence of methanol is due to the fact that biodiesel producers use excess methanol to drive the chemical transesterification to completion, and do not recover all the methanol. The soaps, which are soluble in the glycerol layer, originate from a reaction between the free fatty acids present in the initial feedstock and the catalyst (base).i.e.,

In addition to methanol and soaps, crude glycerol also contains a variety of elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, or sulfur. Thompson & He (2006) reported that the elements present in the glycerol of different feedstock sources (such as canola, rapeseed, and soybean) were similar. Calcium was in the range of 3-15 ppm, magnesium was 1-2 ppm, phosphorous was 8-13 ppm, and sulfur was 22-26 ppm. However, when crambe (a perennial oilseed plant) was used as feedstock, crude glycerol contained the same elements, but at vastly different concentrations. Schröder & Südekum (1999) also reported the elemental composition of crude glycerol from rapeseed oil feedstock. Phosphorous was found to be between 1.05 % and 2.36 % (w/w) of the crude glycerol. Potassium was between 2.20 % and 2.33%, while sodium was between 0.09% and 0.11%. Cadmium, mercury, and arsenic were all below detectable limits.

The crude glycerol derived from alkali-catalyzed transesterification usually has a dark brown color with a high pH (11-12). When pH is adjusted to a neutral range, soaps will be converted into free fatty acids, as shown in the following equation

The free fatty acids in the crude glycerol stream results in a cloudy solution. After settling for a period of time, this cloudy solution will be separated into two clear phases, with the top layer being the free fatty acid phase, and bottom layer the glycerol phase.

What is the most important use of crude glycerine?

Glycerol / Glycerin is a major byproduct in the biodiesel manufacturing process. In general, for every 100 pounds of biodiesel produced, approximately 10 pounds of crude glycerol are created. As the biodiesel industry is rapidly expanding, a glut of crude glycerol is being created. This glycerol is expensive to purify for use in the food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics industries, biodiesel producers must seek alternative methods for its disposal. Various methods for disposal and utilization of this crude glycerol have been attempted, including combustion, composting, anaerobic digestion, animal feeds, and thermochemical/biological conversions to value-added products. Businesses and researchers from around the globe are currently engaged in research and development projects, with the primary goal of developing Glycerin / Glyceroleconomically viable technologies capable of utilizing this overabundant resource.

A newly developed technology in the U.K. allows glycerin to be burned in off-the-shelf diesel generators that are used in combined-heat-and-power applications. According to Paul Day, Aquafuel’s chief executive officer, the technology is now commercially available.

The process uses standard diesel generators, which are altered slightly to run on a new combustion cycle, which is referred to as the McNeil cycle. “The basics of the engine, the fuel injection, the pistons and cylinder are not changed at all,” Day says. Paul Day estimates that 1 ton of glycerin will produce approximately 1.7 megawatt hours of electricity and approximately 2 megawatts of heat. In addition, the process creates few emissions.

An European company is working on a technology to use glycerin in plastics, that would use glycerin as a feedstock to produce plastics. Ireland-based Biobode Ltd. is developing this technology. Historically been difficulty to use glycerin to make plastics because the process created a cross-linked polymer with no significant commercial value. For biological conversions of crude glycerol, the glycerol serves as a feedstock in various fermentation processes.

Empirical Method of Glycerin

3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

3.1
Color and lustre unit for Hazen
The color of platinum in each liter solution (chloro platinic acid) 1mg and cobalt chloride hexahydrate 2mg.
3.2
Density at 20℃
The quality of material of unit volume at 20℃, which is expressed in grams per milliliter.

4 Sampling method for barrel glycerin
4.1 General rules
This method is suitable for refining glycerol without solids or suspended solids in the barrel. It is equally applicable to barrel Refined Glycerin, which can be restored to the original state after being frozen and heated.
The samples used for laboratory determination are prepared and stored according to this method.
4.2 Principle
Sampling tube is inserted from the plug hole to the bottom of the barrel. Samples are taken from the whole depth of the barrel, and they are taken in equal quantities for per sample barrel. All samples of the same batch were mixed evenly and divided into laboratory samples with the required number.
4.3 Instrument
4.3.1 Sampling Tube
As shown in figure 1, It consists of two stainless steel or other chemical resistant cylinders, and the inner cylinder is tightly matched with the outer cylinder. Each of the two cylinders has two rows of interlaced longitudinal grooves, the width of the groove accounts for a quarter of the circumference of the cylinder, the length of the groove is quarterly distributed over the length of the cylinder. The grooves on the inner and outer cylinder can coincide or seal precisely by rotating the handle of the inner cylinder. With a pointer indicating the position of the ruler on the outer cylinder indicates the relative position of the grooves on the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. In the “filling” position, the inner and outer grooves form two rows of interlaced and intermittent openings, so that samples of all depths in the barrel enter the sampling tube at the same time.
The inner and outer barrel bottoms are drilled with holes. When the pointer is in the “empty” position, the bottom holes coincide to form an opening, while the longitudinal groove remains sealed.
The length of the sampling tube should be proportional to the depth of the material to be sampled, and its effective volume should be about 0.1% of the volume of the barrel.
4.3.2 Wiping plug
Match with plug hole for sampling barrel.

4.3.3 Cylindrical collector
It is made of the same material as the sampling tube, but preferably glass. With a sealing cover and a volume of about 1.5L, the cylindrical collector is suitable for each ton of products to be sampled.
4.3.4 Sample bottle
It has a frosted glass stopper or a glass bottle with a polyethylene gasket cap, the volume of which is just the size of the prepared laboratory sample.

Figure 1 Glycerin Sampling Tube (Unit:mm)
4.4 Program
4.4.1 Preventive measure
Because glycerol is highly absorbent, the following precautions should be taken in sampling, analyzing and storing samples to avoid moisture
4.4.1.1 Containers used for mixing and storing samples shall be sealed, and operating space for canning and taking samples shall be kept sealed.
4.4.1.2 The containers should be shielded as far as possible during sampling, especially for rain and other accidental pollution.
4.4.1.3 All instruments and containers should be clean and dry when used.
4.4.1.4 The laboratory samples obtained from the mixed sample should be fully filled with sample bottles.
4.4.2 Sample preparation
The sampling tube (4.3.1) with the groove closed is inserted into the bottom of the barrel through a wipe plug (4.3.2), and the pointer is rotated to the “filling” position by rotating the handle. The longitudinal groove is opened. After the sampling tube is filled, the groove is closed, the sampling tube is extracted, and the outer wall of the tube is cleaned with the aid of a wipe plug.
Insert the glycerin-filled sampling tube into the collector (4.3.3), rotate the handle to the “empty” position and empty the sampling tube. The same amount of sample is taken from each barrel at the same time, so that the total amount is greater than the requirement. The space of the two emptying operation should keep the collector closed.
Close the sample container, lie down and roll, and quickly mix all the samples. Immediately remove 500 g (or other required) of the sample and place it in a sample bottle (4.3.4) so that the same number of laboratory samples are prepared. Cover tightly the bottle stopper or the sealing cover and seal it with sealing wax (or glue). Paste the sample label, which includes the sample name, batch number, specification, date of sampling and signature of the sample person.
If the glycerol in the sample barrel has been frozen, it should be softened and heated first and the barrel should be rolled backwards so that the glycerol can be defrosted and mixed before sampling according to the above.
5 Determination of transparency
5.1 Instrument Commonly used laboratory apparatus
5.1.1 Nano colorimetric tube, 50ml.
5.1.2 Milky white lighting
5.2 Program
The glycerol sample was mixed evenly and degassed by vacuum or ultrasonic wave. 50ML was measured, and in a nano colorimetric tube. The sample was observed by a milky white lamp at room temperature. The sample was then placed in front of a white screen to observe the reflection light. If there is no turbidity, that is transparent.
6 Determination of odour
Put a little glycerin on the back of your hand and smell it. If there is only a special smell of glycerol and no other peculiar smell, that is, no bad smell.
7 Determination of colour and lustre
7.1 Principle
The color of the experiment was compared with that of the standard platinum-cobalt colorimetric solution, and the result was expressed in Hazen unit.
7.2 Reagent
Unless otherwise specified, only distilled or deionized water, or water of comparable purity, identified as analytical purity, is used in the analysis. Note: all experiments applicable to this standard.
7.2.1 CoCl2·6H2O
7.2.2 K2PtCl6
7.2.3 The density of hydrochloric acid is about 1.19g/ml.
7.3 Instrument
Commonly used laboratory apparatus.
7.3.1 Spectrophotometer, which wavelength ranges from 420nm to 800nm.
7.3.2 Nano colorimetric tube, 50ml or 100ml. There is a marking mark at 100mm above bottom.
7.3.3 Colorimetric tube holder, usually colorimetric tube bracket is white, it is best to install fluorescent lighting, to improve the effect of color observation.
7.4 Program
7.4.1 Preparation of standard colorimetric reserve solution
In a bottler with capacity of 100ml, cobalt chloride hexahydrate (7.2.1) 1g and potassium chloroplatinate (7.2.2) 1.245g were dissolved, hydrochloric acid (7.2.3) solution 100ml was
added, and water was diluted to the scale, and the mixture was uniform. The standard colorimetric reserve solution was obtained.
The standard colorimetric reserve solution is checked by spectrophotometer (7.3.1) with a 1 cm colorimetric cell at the following wavelengths. The range of absorbance is shown inTable 1.

Table 1 Absorbance range of standard colorimetric liquid storage

Table 1 Absorbance range of standard colorimetric liquid storage
wavelength/nm	absorbance
430	0.110-0.120
455	0.130-0.145
480	0.105-0.120
510	0.055-0.065

7.4..2 Preparation of platinum cobalt standard colorimetric solution
In 15 pcs 100ml volumetric flasks, add a standard colorimetric reserve (7.4.1) of the volume shown in Table 2, dilute it with distilled water, and shake well.

7.4.3 Storage of platinum cobalt standard colorimetric solution
Standard colorimetric reserve solution (7.4.1) and standard colorimetric solution (7.4.2) should be placed in stoppered brown glass bottles in the dark.
Standard colorimetric reserve liquids should be stored within the absorbance range shown in 7.4.1 before use. Otherwise, they should be reconfigured.
The standard colorimetric solution can be kept for one month, but it is better to use fresh configuration.
7.4.4 Determination
Samples are injected into a Nessler colorimetric tube (7.3.2) to the calibration line, different platinum-cobalt standard colorimetric solutions are injected into a series of Nessler colorimetric tubes to the calibration line, and placed on a colorimetric tube rack (7.3.3), each tube is coated with a black carton to avoid the influence of side light.
Compare the color of sample and platinum cobalt standard colorimetric solution. Colorimetry is directed at the white background illuminated by sunlight or fluorescent lamp, from top to bottom observation, select the closest color.
7.4.5 Result representation
The color of the specimen is expressed in the Hazen unit closest to the platinum cobalt standard colorimetric solution of the sample. If the color of the sample is between two platinum-cobalt standard colorimetric solutions, it is expressed in the Hazen unit of the platinum-cobalt standard colorimetric solution with a deeper color.

8.Determination of density at 20℃
8.1Principle
Measure the mass of the empty specific gravity bottle and the mass of water filled at 20℃ to determine the volume of the specific gravity bottle, and then measure the mass of the sample filled with the specific gravity bottle to calculate the density of glycerol at 20℃.
8.2 Instrument
Commonly used laboratory apparatus.
8.2.1 Specific gravity bottle, capacity 25ml-50ml, with thermometer, as shown in Figure 2.

1——Body of gravity bottle
2——Capillary tube
3——Cap
4——Air-bleed hole
5——Thermometer
6——Glass grinding joint

Figure 2 Gravity bottle

8.2.2 Thermostatic waterbath, It can maintain constant temperature at 20 ℃, accurate to 0.1 ℃, capacity over 1L.
8.2.3 Dryer, built in discolourant silica gel.
8.2.4 Analytical balance, accuracy 0.2mg
8.3 Program
8.3.1 Calibration of specific gravity bottle
Wash the specific gravity bottle carefully with potassium dichromate sulfuric acid lotion, distilled water, ethanol, acetone and so on. After drying, weigh it in a dryer (8.2.3) for 30 minutes and weigh it to 0.0002g. Boil and cool the distilled water at a temperature below 20 degrees to fill the specific gravity bottle to avoid bubbles. Insert the thermometer and put it in a constant temperature water bath at 20 degrees centigrade for 30 minutes. Quickly suck the overflowing water from the capillary with filter paper, cover the cap, remove the specific gravity bottle, carefully wipe the external surface of the specific gravity bottle, and place it in the dryer for 30 minutes to weigh. The apparent mass(m1) of water filled in a specific gravity bottle is calculated from mass difference.
8.3.2 Determination
Glycerol samples slightly lower than 20℃ were filled with the same clean and dry specific gravity bottle by 8.3.1 method for determination. Bubbles should be avoided when filling glycerol samples.
8.4 Result calculation
8.4.1 Computing method
The density（ρ20） of glycerol sample at 20 ℃ is g/mL, calculated by formula (1).

In formula (1)
m2 ——The apparent mass of the sample filled with 20 degree glycerol was g
A—— The quality of air filled in empty vase is g.
ρ20——Water density at 20℃, 0.9982g/mL

Market prospects for crude glycerin

Glycerine is a clear, colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a sweet taste, derived from petrochemical and natural feedstocks with the latter obtained from animal fat and vegetable oil products from grains. The market pays a premium for the kosher vegetable and USP natural glycerine. There are over 2,000 established uses for glycerine in the drug, food, beverage, chemicals and synthetic material industries. It is used in cosmetics, toiletries, sweeteners, solvents, softening agents, cough syrups, surface coatings, paints and many other products.

Crude Glycerine is an impure form of Glycerine and is primarily made as a by-product. Recently the reinvention of biodiesel has created much of the crude glycerine as it is a by-product from the manufacture of biodiesel. This supply has created market disruptions as it typically has many impurities in it including methanol, water and salts. A saleable grade of crude glycerine is generally at least 80% glycerine with less than 1% methanol in it. Crude Glycerine that has lower levels of glycerine or higher levels of methanol often has little or no value.

As a chemical processor Biofuels Technology LLC with its innovative and proprietary technologies is able to find uses for various grades of crude glycerine. This is done in an environmentally friendly method yeilding economic benefits without the need for government subsidies.

The Glycerin Spread

Refined glycerin prices have remained solid since earlier this year, but biodiesel producers selling crude glycerin, while retrieving modestly higher returns for their byproduct compared to last year, are still entering a saturated crude market. In the meantime, alternative uses for crude glycerin and capacity to refine it are on the rise.

Although high vegetable oil prices are curbing some of the enthusiasm from would-be biodiesel projects, analysts still expect steady growth from the U.S. biodiesel industry. Every million gallons of biodiesel produced pours roughly another hundred thousand gallons of crude glycerin into an already saturated market. “Most companies see the biodiesel industry as being in a growth mode,” Elsenbast says. “There’s a relatively small volume of glycerin coming from the biodiesel sector now compared with what’s expected from it in the future.” While raw glycerin returns are only slightly higher, some experts say it’s the glycerin refiners who are turning a welcomed profit over the past several months, as prices for the purer varieties have held quite strong. John Urbanchuk, a director with the Pennsylvania-based consulting firm LECG, says refined glycerin is retrieving anywhere from 30 to 40 cents a pound, depending on quality, grade and purity. “The refined glycerin market is strong,” Urbanchuk says. “The raw market, however, is still weak as we continue to see large supplies of unrefined glycerin heading for the market.” It therefore becomes a question of what to do with all of the crude. Should it be refined in the more traditional sense for sale as technical, pharmaceutical or food grade glycerin, or can alternative uses for the low-priced raw product directly be found?

How is glycerin used in skin care?

You can see the difference in your skin thanks to the moisturizing ability of glycerin which you can easily use at home in personal skin care. The use of glycerin in the cosmetic sector is quite high.

You can use glycerin for your foot heels, which are constantly affected by footwear, hot and cold. Glycerin cracks, wakes up in dried heels. In a short time it increases the moisture in the heels and accelerates healing.

You can use glycerin again when preparing face masks at home. Add 1 teaspoon glycerin into 1 teaspoon of honey, add the oat as much as 2 teaspoons to identify the ingredients. Keep it on your skin for half an hour. Then clean your skin with warm water and immediately wash with cold water. Thus, by creating a shock effect on your skin, you will speed up blood circulation.

Glycerin and banana are very useful for skin renewal and moisturization. Apply 1 tablespoon glycerin with crushed half banana to your skin. Wait half an hour for the mask on your skin, then wash with warm water and then cold water to complete your skin care.

You can use glycerin in the peeling. Mix 2 tablespoons of glycerin with 2 tablespoons of oatmeal. Pass it through the blender to get a smooth blend. With that you can peel your skin. By putting 2 teaspoons of honey into this mixture, you can also make a skin mask.

Glycerin can be used in skin tightening and purification. 1 tablespoon glycerin mixed with a whisk of an egg, put 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice into the dish. Apply it to your skin and wait for 20 minutes. Complete your skin care by applying shock.

Clay mask use is very common in skin care. If you mix a little glycerin into this mascot, you will also increase its effectiveness. For this you only need to use 1 tablespoon clay and 2 tablespoons glycerin.

You can get a great care product by adding 5 tablespoons glycerin to 4 cups of chamomile tea that you brew in hair care. You can also get a refreshing spray for your hair by adding 1 tablespoon glycerin , 3 tablespoon olive oil and 8 drops of rosemary oil to 4 cups of chamomile tea .

Benefits of Glycerine Oils

Glycerin has a liquid form as a chemically polar organic trihydroxy alcohol and does not have any flavor with its slightly sweet taste. Another name is glycerol. Glycerin is dissolved in acetone after mixing with water and alcohol. The boiling point of the sugar alcohol, glycerin Glycerin contains both vegetable and animal fat. This material, which can absorb up to four times the volume of water, has a high humidifying property. Let's take a look at The benefits of glycerin, which now has more than 1,500 uses.

What are the Uses and Benefits of Glycerine Oils?

Moisture Used as Amount and Sweetener

Act acts as a sweetener in cough syrups. This substance used in the food sector has solvent, sweetener, moisture-retaining properties and is used in beverages and foodstuffs. In narghile tobacco, as acts as a moisture trapper.

2. Used to hold consistency

It is used as a thickener or thickener in liqueurs with a sweet alcohol type. It ensures the consistency of the ice cream.

3. Sugar is preferred as a substitute

In sugar products, sugar disappears as a substitute. The calorie of glycerin, which is almost 60% of the sweetness rate sucrose, is in the same range as the table sugar but does not have an effect on blood sugar.

4. Used in Disease Treatment

It is recommended that ketosis, an internal disease seen in cattle, be treated. In the first months after birth, animals with a high chance of breastfeeding have lost their lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

5. Good ear to ear pain

A few drops of glycerin, which will be used on doctor's control for ear pain caused by external and middle ear infections, are good for your pain.

6. Good Income to Some Diseases

It is in the ointments that diabetic patients are using externally. This substance used by those with constipation is also used as suppository.

7. Used for personal cleaning

If it is applied on molds and similar difficult stains, it will allow the stain to come out of the stain as an obstacle to the fabrication process. It is intended for moisturizing purposes in personal care products such as skin care products, hair care products, mouthwashes, shaving creams and toothpaste. It also has the following uses:

• Products with a low fat content are used with the aim of showing fullness.
• It is used in candle and soap production.
• It can be used to make dynamite as a result of the combination of nitric acid and triniglycerine.
• There is an effect that slows down the freezing.

Use in Skin Care

• Because it has high moisturizing properties, it is in both personal skin care products and cosmetic products to be made at home.
• It can be used in the treatment of hardening and cracking skin which dry in the summer from extreme temperatures, extreme cold in winter or from various reasons. Moreover, your skin will be renewed within a very short period of time. However, your skin will not only heal but also be softer in the month.
• In the case of a face mask to be made using glycerin, add a teaspoon of honey to a teaspoon of glycerin, then add a teaspoon of oatmeal, then make the mixture homogeneous and rub it as a thick layer of cleaned skin. After a waiting period of 20-30 minutes, you should wash your face with warm water and finally you should increase your blood circulation by passing cold water through your face with cold water.
• 2 sweet spoon glycerin, which is to be used with 2 tablespoons oats, may be preferred for peeling purposes. After you have passed these materials from the blender, you should make them become rough texture and rub them slowly with a clean face. The only thing that flows back is that once you add a sweet spoon of honey, you mix it once more and make your peeling a moisturizing mask. After washing your face, this mixture should also be applied in the form of a layer of water, and after 15 - 20 minutes you should wash your face with the help of warm water.
• The glycerin, which can also be used as a hair cream, is mixed with an equal amount of glycerin and water, followed by rinsing and rinsing for about five minutes.
• Dilersen can blend glycerin as much as a soup spoon with a soup spoon clay, and you can prepare yourself a skin clay mask.

Harms of Glycerine Oil

Glycerine oil, which is used to get rid of dirt and inflammation in hair and skin care, has many benefits such as the one we have in this article, but at the same time there are various side effects. This ingredient, which is also included in cosmetic products, is almost used in every part of the body. Glycerin is a kind of liquid which is produced when the fatty substances saponify, sugary, odorless, burning, colorless and with certain consistency. It needs to be soap to get solid. If this material is applied to the skin, it will be possible to remove the cracks of the skin and soften it deeply. Although it is used medically to relieve ear and rheumatic pain, it can cause health problems if overdose is used. If glycerine oil is used after the expiry date, all the benefits it has are left to various losses. On the other hand, if the cover of the consumed glycerin is left open, virus and bacteria formation is observed. Such a condition is particularly troublesome if glycerin is used by a person who has an infectious disease. However, there are various additives in this material. animal and vegetable glycerin is chemically more healthy than artificially produced glycerin. Glycerine, which is also present in the cigarette, is irritated by respiratory tract as it is thrown out together with the cause of smoke. It is also known that glycerin, which is not produced as it should be, endangers every part of the body. However, blindness can occur even if this material comes into contact with the eye. It is possible that such a complication can arise if cosmetic products such as body and hand cream, shampoo and soap products are this product and this product is in contact with the skin. It is also possible to give skin allergic reactions if the dose is kept above normal, but not at an adequate level. If you use this material which is used to clean the dirt and moisturize the skin with the most correct shape, you are very likely to be damaged. However, the recommendation to be given by a specialist before this substance is used must be heard. Other hand, provision of glycerin in purely transparent state is more healthier for the individual. If any damage occurs, there is a benefit to go to the hospital without losing any time. This material must be kept away from babies. In this way, The Baby is protected from possible harm and risks. Before applying to the skin, the place to be applied absolutely must be cleaned.